Hemorrhoids Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum or around the anus. Common symptoms: Bleeding during bowel movements Pain or itching Protruding lump Surgical treatment is considered in advanced or recurrent cases and may involve hemorrhoidectomy, ligation, or other minimally invasive techniques.
Anal Fissure An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anal canal that causes severe pain, especially during and after bowel movements. While many cases respond to medications, chronic fissures may require a minor surgical procedure to relieve sphincter muscle spasm and promote healing.
Pilonidal Sinus A Pilonidal sinus is a chronic infection that typically occurs in the area between the buttocks due to hair growing under the skin. Surgical removal of the infected tissue is often required to prevent recurrence. Goals of Anal and Rectal Surgery: Relief of pain and bleeding Elimination of infection Prevention of recurrence Preservation of normal bowel control
